Have you ever wondered what gives the harmonic minor scale guitar its unique and captivating sound? This intriguing scale has mesmerized musicians and listeners alike for centuries. The harmonic minor scale is not just another scale; it possesses a distinctive quality that sets it apart in the realm of music theory. Its exotic sound has become a staple in various music genres, from classical to jazz to metal. But what exactly is the harmonic minor scale, and how can it be effectively used on the guitar? This article aims to unravel the complexities of the harmonic minor scale, offering insights into its structure, applications, and significance in music.
For guitarists, the harmonic minor scale opens up a world of new possibilities. It provides a fresh palette of sounds that can transform ordinary melodies into extraordinary masterpieces. The harmonic minor scale is a favorite among guitarists who seek to add depth and emotion to their playing. Its unique intervals and distinctive sound make it a powerful tool in the guitarist's arsenal. By understanding its structure and applications, guitarists can unlock new creative avenues and elevate their musical expression to new heights.
In this comprehensive guide, we will delve deep into the harmonic minor scale guitar. We will explore its history, structure, and practical applications, providing you with the knowledge and tools needed to master this enigmatic scale. Whether you are a beginner guitarist or a seasoned musician, this article will equip you with the skills and understanding to harness the full potential of the harmonic minor scale. So, grab your guitar, and let's embark on a musical journey to discover the wonders of the harmonic minor scale!
Table of Contents
- History of the Harmonic Minor Scale
- Understanding the Harmonic Minor Scale
- The Structure of the Harmonic Minor Scale
- Playing the Harmonic Minor Scale on Guitar
- Techniques for Improvisation
- Harmonic Minor Scale in Different Genres
- Famous Songs Using the Harmonic Minor Scale
- Composing with the Harmonic Minor Scale
- Common Chords and Progressions
- Advanced Theory Concepts
- Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Tips for Mastering the Harmonic Minor Scale
- The Harmonic Minor Scale in Modern Music
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
History of the Harmonic Minor Scale
The harmonic minor scale has a rich and fascinating history that dates back several centuries. Its origins can be traced to the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods when composers sought to explore new musical expressions. The scale was initially developed to address the limitations of the natural minor scale, particularly in creating stronger harmonic progressions.
During the Baroque era, the harmonic minor scale gained popularity for its ability to produce a more dramatic and expressive sound. Composers like Johann Sebastian Bach and Antonio Vivaldi utilized the scale to add emotional depth to their compositions. The scale's distinctive raised seventh note created a leading tone that resolved more effectively to the tonic, enhancing the overall harmonic tension.
As music evolved, so did the use of the harmonic minor scale. It became a fundamental component in classical music, influencing the works of composers such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert. In the Romantic period, the scale's exotic sound was embraced by composers like Frédéric Chopin and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who used it to evoke a sense of passion and drama.
In modern times, the harmonic minor scale continues to be a vital element in various music genres. Its unique sound has found a place in jazz, rock, metal, and even film scores. Guitarists, in particular, have adopted the scale for its versatility and ability to create captivating solos and melodies. The harmonic minor scale's enduring appeal lies in its ability to convey a wide range of emotions, making it a timeless and invaluable tool for musicians.
Understanding the Harmonic Minor Scale
The harmonic minor scale is a seven-note scale that differs from the natural minor scale by having a raised seventh degree. This alteration creates a distinct sound that sets it apart from other scales. The scale is characterized by its unique interval pattern, which contributes to its exotic and dramatic quality.
To understand the harmonic minor scale, it's essential to grasp its interval structure. The scale is constructed by altering the natural minor scale, specifically by raising the seventh note by a half step. This creates the following interval pattern: whole, half, whole, whole, half, augmented second, half. This pattern gives the harmonic minor scale its distinctive sound and allows for unique melodic and harmonic possibilities.
The raised seventh degree in the harmonic minor scale is known as the leading tone. This note creates a strong sense of resolution to the tonic, enhancing the scale's harmonic tension. The leading tone's role is crucial in establishing a sense of direction and resolution within a musical piece.
The harmonic minor scale is often used to create melodies and harmonies that evoke a sense of drama and tension. Its unique sound makes it a popular choice in various musical contexts, from classical compositions to contemporary genres like jazz and metal. Understanding the scale's structure and characteristics allows musicians to harness its full potential and create captivating musical expressions.
The Structure of the Harmonic Minor Scale
The structure of the harmonic minor scale is one of its defining features. Unlike the natural minor scale, which has a symmetric interval pattern, the harmonic minor scale introduces an augmented second interval. This unique interval gives the scale its exotic sound and distinguishes it from other minor scales.
To construct the harmonic minor scale, start with the natural minor scale and raise the seventh note by a half step. The resulting interval pattern for the harmonic minor scale is as follows: root, whole step, half step, whole step, whole step, half step, augmented second, half step. This interval sequence creates a distinctive sound that is both dramatic and expressive.
For example, in the A harmonic minor scale, the notes are A, B, C, D, E, F, G#, and A. The raised seventh degree, G#, creates a leading tone that resolves strongly to the tonic, A. This characteristic is essential in establishing a sense of tension and resolution in musical compositions.
The harmonic minor scale's structure allows for the creation of unique chord progressions and melodic lines. Its distinctive intervals can produce harmonies that convey a wide range of emotions, from melancholy to intensity. Understanding the scale's structure is crucial for musicians seeking to explore its full potential and incorporate its unique sound into their music.
Playing the Harmonic Minor Scale on Guitar
Playing the harmonic minor scale on the guitar opens up a world of sonic possibilities. Guitarists can use the scale to create captivating solos, intricate melodies, and dynamic chord progressions. Understanding how to play the harmonic minor scale on the guitar involves mastering its fingerings and applying it creatively in musical contexts.
To begin playing the harmonic minor scale on the guitar, it's essential to learn its finger positions across the fretboard. The scale can be played in various positions, each offering unique opportunities for expression and exploration. A common starting point is the A harmonic minor scale, which can be played in the fifth position.
In the fifth position, the A harmonic minor scale can be played as follows:
- 6th string (E) - 5th fret (A), 7th fret (B)
- 5th string (A) - 5th fret (C), 7th fret (D), 8th fret (E)
- 4th string (D) - 5th fret (F), 7th fret (G#)
- 3rd string (G) - 5th fret (A), 6th fret (B)
- 2nd string (B) - 5th fret (C), 6th fret (D)
- 1st string (E) - 5th fret (E), 7th fret (F)
Practicing the scale in different positions and keys helps guitarists become familiar with its unique sound and intervals. As with any scale, it's essential to practice both ascending and descending patterns to develop fluidity and precision.
Once comfortable with the finger positions, guitarists can explore incorporating the harmonic minor scale into solos and improvisations. The scale's exotic sound lends itself well to creating dramatic and expressive musical passages. By experimenting with phrasing, dynamics, and articulation, guitarists can unlock the full potential of the harmonic minor scale and elevate their playing to new heights.
Techniques for Improvisation
Improvisation is a key aspect of playing the harmonic minor scale on the guitar. The scale's unique intervals and exotic sound provide a rich foundation for creating compelling solos and musical expressions. By mastering various improvisational techniques, guitarists can effectively incorporate the harmonic minor scale into their playing and enhance their musical creativity.
One effective technique for improvising with the harmonic minor scale is to focus on its characteristic intervals. The augmented second interval, in particular, can be used to create tension and drama in a solo. By emphasizing this interval in your phrasing, you can highlight the scale's unique sound and add interest to your improvisation.
Another technique involves using the harmonic minor scale to create modal shifts. By exploring different modes derived from the harmonic minor scale, guitarists can add variety and complexity to their solos. For example, the Phrygian Dominant mode, which is the fifth mode of the harmonic minor scale, offers a distinct sound that can be used to create exotic and intense musical passages.
Utilizing arpeggios and chord tones is also a valuable technique when improvising with the harmonic minor scale. By outlining the chords within a progression, guitarists can create solos that are both melodically interesting and harmonically grounded. Experimenting with different arpeggio patterns and chord tones can lead to new and innovative musical ideas.
Finally, incorporating dynamics and articulation can greatly enhance your improvisation with the harmonic minor scale. By varying the volume, attack, and sustain of your notes, you can create a more expressive and engaging solo. Techniques such as bending, sliding, and vibrato can add depth and emotion to your playing, allowing you to fully explore the scale's potential.
Harmonic Minor Scale in Different Genres
The harmonic minor scale's unique sound has made it a favorite among musicians across various genres. Its versatility and expressive quality allow it to be effectively used in classical, jazz, rock, metal, and even film music. Understanding how the harmonic minor scale is applied in different musical contexts can inspire guitarists to incorporate it into their own playing.
In classical music, the harmonic minor scale is often used to create dramatic and expressive passages. Composers like Bach and Beethoven utilized the scale to add tension and depth to their works. The scale's distinctive intervals allow for the creation of complex harmonies and intricate melodies, making it a valuable tool in the classical repertoire.
Jazz musicians also embrace the harmonic minor scale for its ability to create colorful and sophisticated solos. The scale's exotic sound can add a unique flavor to jazz improvisation, allowing musicians to explore new tonalities and harmonic possibilities. Jazz guitarists often use the scale to create modal shifts and incorporate it into their solos to enhance their expressiveness.
In rock and metal, the harmonic minor scale is a staple for creating powerful and intense musical passages. Guitarists like Yngwie Malmsteen and Ritchie Blackmore have popularized the scale in these genres, using it to craft virtuosic solos and intricate riffs. The scale's dramatic sound complements the high-energy and emotive nature of rock and metal music.
The harmonic minor scale is also frequently used in film music to evoke a sense of mystery and intrigue. Composers like Hans Zimmer and Ennio Morricone have employed the scale to create atmospheric and evocative soundtracks. Its exotic sound can transport listeners to different worlds, making it a valuable tool for storytelling through music.
By exploring the harmonic minor scale's applications in different genres, guitarists can gain a deeper understanding of its versatility and potential. Incorporating the scale into their own playing can open up new creative avenues and enhance their musical expression.
Famous Songs Using the Harmonic Minor Scale
The harmonic minor scale's distinctive sound has been featured in numerous famous songs across various genres. Its unique intervals and exotic quality make it a popular choice for creating memorable melodies and captivating musical passages. Exploring these songs can provide inspiration and insight into how the harmonic minor scale can be effectively used in composition and performance.
One iconic example of the harmonic minor scale in action is the song "Hava Nagila," a traditional Jewish folk song that has become a popular cultural anthem. The song's melody prominently features the harmonic minor scale, giving it its characteristic sound and lively energy.
In the realm of classical music, the harmonic minor scale is utilized in the famous "Prelude in C# Minor" by Sergei Rachmaninoff. The piece's dramatic and expressive character is enhanced by the scale's unique intervals, creating a sense of tension and resolution that captivates listeners.
The harmonic minor scale is also featured in the rock classic "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin. The song's iconic guitar solo incorporates the scale, adding an exotic and mysterious quality to the music. The scale's use in the solo highlights its ability to enhance a song's emotional impact and create a memorable musical experience.
In metal music, the harmonic minor scale is prominently used in the song "Far Beyond the Sun" by Yngwie Malmsteen. The scale's dramatic and intense sound complements the high-energy and virtuosic nature of the song, showcasing its potential in creating powerful and dynamic musical passages.
Film music has also embraced the harmonic minor scale, as seen in the iconic theme from "The Godfather" composed by Nino Rota. The scale's exotic quality adds an element of intrigue and drama to the music, perfectly capturing the film's mood and atmosphere.
These famous songs demonstrate the harmonic minor scale's versatility and enduring appeal. By studying these examples, guitarists can gain valuable insights into how the scale can be effectively used in composition and performance, inspiring them to incorporate its unique sound into their own music.
Composing with the Harmonic Minor Scale
Composing with the harmonic minor scale offers musicians a wealth of creative possibilities. Its unique intervals and exotic sound can be used to craft melodies, harmonies, and chord progressions that are both captivating and expressive. By understanding the scale's structure and characteristics, composers can effectively harness its potential in their musical creations.
When composing with the harmonic minor scale, it's important to consider its characteristic intervals, particularly the augmented second. This interval can be used to create tension and drama within a composition, adding interest and complexity to the music. By emphasizing this interval in melodic lines and harmonic progressions, composers can highlight the scale's unique sound and enhance their compositions.
The harmonic minor scale's raised seventh degree also plays a crucial role in composition. This leading tone creates a strong sense of resolution to the tonic, allowing for the creation of dynamic and expressive musical phrases. Composers can use this characteristic to craft melodies and harmonies that convey a wide range of emotions, from melancholy to intensity.
Exploring various modes derived from the harmonic minor scale can also enrich a composition. Each mode offers a distinct sound and character, providing composers with diverse tonal options. For example, the Phrygian Dominant mode can be used to create exotic and intense musical passages, while the Locrian #6 mode offers a darker and more mysterious quality.
Incorporating the harmonic minor scale into chord progressions can also enhance a composition's harmonic depth. The scale's unique intervals allow for the creation of complex and interesting harmonies that can add richness and texture to the music. Experimenting with different chord voicings and progressions can lead to new and innovative musical ideas.
By understanding the harmonic minor scale's structure and characteristics, composers can effectively use it to craft music that is both engaging and expressive. Its unique sound offers endless possibilities for creativity and exploration, making it an invaluable tool for musicians seeking to expand their musical horizons.
Common Chords and Progressions
The harmonic minor scale's unique intervals allow for the creation of distinct and interesting chord progressions. Understanding these chords and progressions can provide guitarists with valuable tools for composing and arranging music. By exploring the harmonic minor scale's harmonic possibilities, musicians can craft music that is both dynamic and expressive.
One common chord found in the harmonic minor scale is the minor-major seventh chord, often denoted as m(M7). This chord is built on the tonic of the harmonic minor scale and features a major seventh interval, giving it a distinctive and exotic sound. For example, in the A harmonic minor scale, the tonic chord would be A minor-major seventh (Am(M7)), consisting of the notes A, C, E, and G#.
Another characteristic chord is the diminished seventh chord, built on the seventh degree of the scale. This chord features a series of minor third intervals, creating a tense and unresolved sound. In the A harmonic minor scale, the diminished seventh chord would be G# diminished seventh (G#°7), consisting of the notes G#, B, D, and F.
The harmonic minor scale also allows for the creation of the augmented triad, built on the fifth degree of the scale. This chord features a root, major third, and augmented fifth, resulting in a unique and dissonant sound. In the A harmonic minor scale, the augmented triad would be E augmented (E+), consisting of the notes E, G#, and B#.
When constructing chord progressions in the harmonic minor scale, it's important to consider the scale's characteristic intervals and how they influence the overall harmonic structure. One common progression is the i-IV-V-i progression, which features the tonic minor chord, the subdominant major chord, and the dominant major chord. In the A harmonic minor scale, this progression would be Am-Dm-E-Am.
Another popular progression is the i-VI-ii°7-V progression, which features the tonic minor chord, the submediant major chord, the supertonic diminished seventh chord, and the dominant major chord. In the A harmonic minor scale, this progression would be Am-F-B°7-E.
By understanding the harmonic minor scale's chord possibilities and progressions, guitarists can create music that is both harmonically rich and emotionally expressive. Experimenting with different chords and progressions can lead to new and innovative musical ideas, enhancing the overall musical experience.
Advanced Theory Concepts
The harmonic minor scale offers a wealth of advanced theory concepts for musicians to explore. Its unique intervals and structure provide opportunities for creating complex harmonies, exploring modal variations, and incorporating non-diatonic elements. By delving into these advanced concepts, musicians can expand their theoretical knowledge and enhance their musical creativity.
One advanced concept is the exploration of modes derived from the harmonic minor scale. Each mode offers a distinct sound and character, providing musicians with diverse tonal options. For example, the Locrian #6 mode, the second mode of the harmonic minor scale, features a flattened second and raised sixth degree, creating a dark and mysterious sound. Understanding these modes allows musicians to create modal shifts and add variety to their compositions.
The harmonic minor scale's raised seventh degree also allows for the incorporation of non-diatonic chords into a composition. This leading tone can be used to create secondary dominants and altered chords, adding harmonic complexity and interest to the music. For example, in the key of A minor, the G# note can be used to create a V7/V chord, leading to a stronger resolution to the tonic.
Exploring altered harmonies and tensions is another advanced concept related to the harmonic minor scale. The scale's unique intervals allow for the use of altered chords and extensions, such as the #5, b9, and #11. These elements can add harmonic richness and depth to a composition, enhancing its overall expressiveness and complexity.
Another advanced theory concept is the exploration of counterpoint within the harmonic minor scale. By understanding the scale's intervals and how they interact, musicians can create intricate and sophisticated contrapuntal lines. This technique is particularly effective in classical and jazz music, where counterpoint plays a crucial role in the overall texture and structure of a composition.
By exploring these advanced theory concepts, musicians can gain a deeper understanding of the harmonic minor scale and its potential applications in music. This knowledge allows for the creation of music that is both innovative and expressive, expanding the musician's creative horizons and enhancing their overall musical experience.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
While the harmonic minor scale offers a wealth of creative possibilities, there are common mistakes that musicians should avoid when using it. Understanding these pitfalls can help musicians effectively incorporate the scale into their playing and compositions, enhancing their overall musical expression.
One common mistake is neglecting the scale's characteristic intervals, particularly the augmented second. This interval is essential to the harmonic minor scale's unique sound and should be emphasized in both melodic and harmonic contexts. Failing to highlight this interval can result in music that lacks the scale's distinctive character and expressiveness.
Another mistake is overusing the harmonic minor scale in a composition. While the scale's exotic sound can add interest and complexity to music, excessive use can lead to monotony and predictability. It's important to balance the harmonic minor scale with other scales and tonalities to create a diverse and engaging musical experience.
Musicians should also avoid relying solely on the harmonic minor scale for improvisation. While the scale provides a rich foundation for creating compelling solos, it's essential to explore other scales, modes, and techniques to add variety and depth to improvisation. Incorporating different musical elements can enhance the overall expressiveness and creativity of a solo.
Another common mistake is failing to consider the harmonic context when using the harmonic minor scale. The scale's unique intervals can create tension and dissonance, which should be resolved effectively within a musical progression. Understanding the harmonic relationships between chords and scales is crucial for creating music that is both harmonically rich and satisfying.
Finally, musicians should avoid neglecting the importance of dynamics and articulation when using the harmonic minor scale. The scale's expressive potential can be fully realized by varying the volume, attack, and sustain of notes. Techniques such as bending, sliding, and vibrato can add depth and emotion to a performance, enhancing the overall musical experience.
By understanding and avoiding these common mistakes, musicians can effectively incorporate the harmonic minor scale into their playing and compositions. This knowledge allows for the creation of music that is both engaging and expressive, unlocking the full potential of the harmonic minor scale.
Tips for Mastering the Harmonic Minor Scale
Mastering the harmonic minor scale requires dedication, practice, and a deep understanding of its structure and characteristics. By following these tips, musicians can effectively incorporate the scale into their playing and compositions, enhancing their overall musical expression and creativity.
One key tip is to practice the harmonic minor scale in different keys and positions across the fretboard. This practice helps musicians become familiar with the scale's unique intervals and fingerings, allowing for greater fluidity and precision in playing. Exploring the scale in various keys also enhances a musician's versatility and adaptability.
Another tip is to focus on the scale's characteristic intervals, particularly the augmented second. Emphasizing this interval in both melodic and harmonic contexts can highlight the scale's unique sound and add interest and complexity to music. Experimenting with different phrasing and articulation can further enhance the scale's expressive potential.
Incorporating the harmonic minor scale into improvisation is another effective way to master it. By exploring different improvisational techniques, such as modal shifts, arpeggios, and chord tones, musicians can create compelling solos that showcase the scale's exotic sound. Practicing improvisation with backing tracks or jam sessions can also enhance a musician's creativity and confidence.
Studying famous songs and compositions that use the harmonic minor scale can provide valuable insights and inspiration. Analyzing how the scale is used in different musical contexts can help musicians understand its potential applications and inspire them to incorporate its unique sound into their own music.
Finally, seeking feedback and guidance from teachers or fellow musicians can greatly aid in mastering the harmonic minor scale. Constructive criticism and support can help musicians refine their technique and understanding, allowing for continued growth and development.
By following these tips, musicians can effectively master the harmonic minor scale and incorporate it into their playing and compositions. This mastery allows for the creation of music that is both engaging and expressive, unlocking the full potential of the harmonic minor scale and enhancing the overall musical experience.
The Harmonic Minor Scale in Modern Music
The harmonic minor scale continues to play a significant role in modern music, influencing various genres and inspiring musicians worldwide. Its unique intervals and exotic sound make it a popular choice for creating music that is both captivating and expressive. Understanding its applications in modern contexts can provide valuable insights and inspiration for musicians seeking to incorporate it into their own music.
In contemporary classical music, the harmonic minor scale is often used to create dramatic and expressive passages. Composers continue to explore its unique intervals and harmonic possibilities, crafting music that is both innovative and emotionally resonant. The scale's distinctive sound allows for the creation of complex harmonies and intricate melodies, making it a valuable tool in the classical repertoire.
Jazz musicians also embrace the harmonic minor scale for its ability to create colorful and sophisticated solos. The scale's exotic sound can add a unique flavor to jazz improvisation, allowing musicians to explore new tonalities and harmonic possibilities. Jazz guitarists often use the scale to create modal shifts and incorporate it into their solos to enhance their expressiveness.
In rock and metal, the harmonic minor scale is a staple for creating powerful and intense musical passages. Guitarists continue to use the scale to craft virtuosic solos and intricate riffs, showcasing its potential in creating dynamic and emotive music. The scale's dramatic sound complements the high-energy and expressive nature of rock and metal music.
The harmonic minor scale is also frequently used in film music to evoke a sense of mystery and intrigue. Composers use the scale to create atmospheric and evocative soundtracks, transporting listeners to different worlds and enhancing the overall storytelling experience. Its exotic sound adds depth and complexity to film scores, making it a valuable tool for composers.
By exploring the harmonic minor scale's applications in modern music, musicians can gain a deeper understanding of its versatility and potential. Incorporating the scale into their own playing and compositions can open up new creative avenues and enhance their musical expression, allowing them to craft music that is both engaging and expressive.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some common questions about the harmonic minor scale guitar and their answers:
- What is the harmonic minor scale guitar?
The harmonic minor scale guitar is a seven-note scale that differs from the natural minor scale by having a raised seventh degree. This alteration creates a distinct sound that is both exotic and dramatic, making it a popular choice in various music genres.
- How do I play the harmonic minor scale on guitar?
To play the harmonic minor scale on the guitar, start by learning its finger positions across the fretboard. Practice the scale in different keys and positions to become familiar with its unique intervals and fingerings. Experiment with using the scale in solos and improvisations to enhance your musical expression.
- What are some common chords in the harmonic minor scale?
Common chords in the harmonic minor scale include the minor-major seventh chord, the diminished seventh chord, and the augmented triad. These chords feature unique intervals that contribute to the scale's distinctive sound and allow for the creation of complex harmonies and chord progressions.
- What genres use the harmonic minor scale?
The harmonic minor scale is used in various genres, including classical, jazz, rock, metal, and film music. Its unique sound and expressive quality make it a popular choice for creating music that is both captivating and dynamic.
- How can I incorporate the harmonic minor scale into my compositions?
To incorporate the harmonic minor scale into your compositions, focus on its characteristic intervals and explore different chord progressions and harmonic possibilities. Experiment with using the scale in melodies and harmonies to add drama and tension to your music.
- What are some famous songs that use the harmonic minor scale?
Famous songs that use the harmonic minor scale include "Hava Nagila," "Prelude in C# Minor" by Rachmaninoff, "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin, and "Far Beyond the Sun" by Yngwie Malmsteen. These songs showcase the scale's unique sound and demonstrate its versatility across different genres.
Conclusion
The harmonic minor scale guitar is a powerful tool for musicians seeking to explore new creative possibilities and enhance their musical expression. Its unique intervals and exotic sound make it a valuable asset in various music genres, from classical to jazz to rock and metal. By understanding the scale's structure, characteristics, and applications, musicians can effectively incorporate it into their playing and compositions. Whether you're a beginner guitarist or a seasoned musician, mastering the harmonic minor scale can unlock new avenues for creativity and elevate your musical journey to new heights.
For further exploration of the harmonic minor scale, consider seeking out resources and lessons from reputable music education platforms. These resources can provide additional guidance and insights, helping you deepen your understanding and mastery of the scale. Remember, the journey of musical exploration is a lifelong pursuit, and the harmonic minor scale is just one of many tools available to enrich your musical experience.
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